Kirchhoff S Laws

Concept: Physics (Current Electricity) – Kirchhoff's First Law (Junction Law).

Step 1: State Kirchhoff's First Law. At any junction point P, the sum of currents entering the junction is equal to the sum of currents leaving the junction ( ).

Step 2: Set up the junction equation for point P. Based on the diagram: * Entering Currents: and * Leaving Currents: and * Let be the current in conductor PQ. The equation is: .

Step 3: Solve for and determine direction. * * * A negative sign indicates that the assumed direction was inward; therefore, a current flows from P to Q. $ $

According to the principle of continuity for an incompressible fluid: where is the cross-sectional area and is the velocity of the fluid. In a truncated cone, the cross-sectional area at the wider end ( ) is greater than the area at the narrower end ( ). Hence, the velocity at the wider end ( ) is smaller, and the velocity at the narrower end ( ) is higher to conserve mass flow: Final Answer:

The mathematical expression for the wavelength in the Paschen series is: where: , representing the Paschen series, , indicating the next energy level above for the longest wavelength. By substituting the values: Simplification yields: By substituting value of : Final Answer: