Rate Of A Chemical Reaction

A maximum boiling azeotrope occurs when a mixture exhibits strong intermolecular interactions, leading to a lower vapor pressure and a higher boiling point. The chloroform-acetone mixture forms strong hydrogen bonds, preventing easy separation and increasing boiling point.

The acidity of benzoic acid derivatives depends on the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating nature of the substituent at the para position: - Electron-withdrawing groups (like ) increase acidity by stabilizing the conjugate base through delocalization. - Electron-donating groups (like or ) decrease acidity by increasing electron density on the carboxyl group. Since -NO is a strong electron-withdrawing group, it stabilizes the conjugate base, making benzoic acid more acidic.

Molecularity refers to the number of reacting species in an elementary reaction, and it cannot be zero. A reaction cannot occur with zero reacting molecules.
Step 2: Thus, the correct answer is option (3).