Photosynthesis Food Making Process In Plants

In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, which is part of the light reactions in photosynthesis, the final electron acceptor is NADP . Here’s how the process works:
- During the light reactions, chlorophyll absorbs light energy, exciting electrons.
- These excited electrons travel through the electron transport chain and are ultimately transferred to NADP , reducing it to NADPH (NADP + e + H → NADPH).
- The NADPH produced is then used in the Calvin cycle for the reduction of carbon dioxide. The other options are incorrect because:
- NADP refers to the oxidized form, which is the electron acceptor.
- NADPH does not exist as a stable molecule; the correct reduced form is NADPH.
- H O is the molecule split during photolysis in the light reactions, providing electrons to replace those lost by chlorophyll, but it is not the electron acceptor. Thus, the correct answer is NADP .

Step 1: We are given statements related to C plants and their processes. Let's evaluate each one:
- Statement I: "In C plants, PEP carboxylase is present in mesophyll cells." This is correct, as C plants have PEP carboxylase in their mesophyll cells to initiate the C cycle.
- Statement II: "In C plants mesophyll cells lack RuBisCO enzyme." This is correct. Mesophyll cells in C plants do not have RuBisCO; instead, it is present in the bundle sheath cells.
- Statement III: "In C plants, bundle sheath cells are rich in RuBisCO enzyme." This is correct. RuBisCO is concentrated in bundle sheath cells, which perform the Calvin cycle.
- Statement IV: "In C plants bundle sheath cells lack PEP carboxylase." This is correct. PEP carboxylase is found in the mesophyll cells, not the bundle sheath cells.
Thus, all four statements are correct. Therefore, the correct answer is option (1) I, II, III and IV.

In plants, sucrose is the primary form of sugar that is translocated through the phloem. The phloem is responsible for transporting food material, primarily sugars, from the leaves (where they are produced during photosynthesis) to other parts of the plant, such as roots and stems.
- Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose and is the most common form of sugar transported in the phloem.
- Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides and are not typically the forms in which sugars are transported in the phloem.
- Starch is a storage form of sugar, found primarily in roots, tubers, and seeds, but it is not the form in which food is translocated through the phloem. Thus, the correct answer is Sucrose.

Step 1: Understanding the Calvin Cycle - The Calvin cycle fixes 6 CO molecules to synthesize 1 molecule of glucose. - The process consumes 18 ATP molecules and 12 NADPH molecules per glucose molecule produced.

Step 1: Understanding the Formation of Oxaloacetic Acid in C Pathway - In C plants, Phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) carboxylase fixes CO to form oxaloacetic acid (OAA) in mesophyll cells.
- This reaction helps plants survive in high-temperature conditions by minimizing photorespiration.