Magnetic Field

To determine the magnetic field induction at the center of the orbit of an electron making revolutions per second around the nucleus, we use the formula for the magnetic field due to a charged particle in circular motion:

where:

• is the magnetic field induction.
• is the permeability of free space.
• is the number of revolutions per second.
• is the charge of an electron.
• is the radius of the orbit.

Inserting the known values:

Calculate the numerator first:

Calculate the denominator:

So:

Approximating :

Thus, the magnetic field induction produced at the center of the orbit is .

A magnetic material loses its magnetic property when it is heated to high temperature. This phenomenon is known as the Curie point or Curie temperature. The Curie point is the temperature at which certain materials lose their permanent magnetic properties, to be replaced by induced magnetism. Upon heating to this temperature, the thermal energy overcomes the magnetic energy, causing the material to transition from a ferromagnetic state to a paramagnetic state. In a paramagnetic state, the material does not retain magnetic alignment in the absence of an external magnetic field, thus losing its magnetization.