Hybridisation

For non-polar , it must have triangular planar
arrangement, i.e. there should be -hybridisation
around M.

is a linear molecule because of sp-hybridisaticn
around carbon atom.

Hybridisation of one -' and one - p' orbitals gives two
sp hybrid orbitals oriented linearly at .
hybrid orbitals

has -hybridised phosphorus, with one lone pair.
Therefore, molecule has pyramidal shape like ammonia.

The correct answer is B:4
The water molecule can form a maximum of four hydrogen bonds. There is an interaction of the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom. The water molecule has two hydrogen atoms that form a hydrogen bond with a nearby oxygen atom.

has triangular planar arrangement.
There identical vectors acting in outward direction, at equal
angles in a plane, cancel each other giving zero resultant,
hence non-polar.

Hybridisation at and at .

is planar (S is hybridised), , is T-shaped and is planar (Si is hybridised).

Step 1: Understanding the reaction mechanism
The image depicts a reaction starting with a molecule (P) containing four carbon atoms (denoted by ), four nitrogen atoms, and four oxygen atoms. These atoms all exhibit sp² hybridization. The steps include reactions with ozone (O₃) followed by zinc and water (Zn/H₂O), and then an excess of NH₂OH (hydroxylamine).
Step 2: Reaction with Ozone
Initially, the molecule undergoes ozonolysis with excess ozone (O₃), which typically cleaves double bonds. The reaction with ozone results in the formation of an intermediate with oxygen atoms inserted into the existing bonds, breaking the original carbon-carbon double bond.
Step 3: Zinc and Water Treatment
After ozonolysis, the product is treated with zinc (Zn) and water (H₂O). Zinc is often used to reduce and remove oxygen groups that are attached to the carbon atoms. In this case, Zn/H₂O helps reduce any oxygenated intermediates, likely leading to the formation of a more stable product.
Step 4: Reaction with Hydroxylamine (NH₂OH)
Next, the molecule reacts with excess hydroxylamine (NH₂OH), which typically reacts with carbonyl groups (as part of the process of forming oximes). The reaction results in the addition of NH₂OH groups to the molecule at the sites where carbonyl groups were present, forming a structure with multiple NH₂OH groups.
Step 5: Product Structure
The final product consists of four nitrogen atoms, four oxygen atoms, and four carbon atoms, all exhibiting sp² hybridization. The resulting structure has four hydroxylamine groups (-NH₂OH) attached to the carbon atoms, completing the product. The total atom count is 12: four carbon atoms, four nitrogen atoms, and four oxygen atoms.
Step 6: Conclusion
The reaction sequence shows how ozonolysis, followed by reduction and hydroxylamine addition, leads to a product with sp² hybridized atoms. The final structure contains four nitrogen atoms, four oxygen atoms, and four carbon atoms, all exhibiting sp² hybridization.