Electron Displacement Effects

Aniline shows resonance due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom interacting with the aromatic ring. However, it does not show hyperconjugation, as there are no adjacent C-H or C-C bonds to participate in hyperconjugation.

Aniline (C H NH ) shows resonance between the lone pair on the nitrogen and the aromatic ring, but it does not show hyperconjugation because there is no adjacent C-H or C-C bond to allow for hyperconjugation.

Concept:
Carbocations are positively charged carbon species. Their stability depends mainly on the electron-donating effect of alkyl groups. Alkyl groups stabilize carbocations through the +I (inductive effect) and hyperconjugation. Greater the number of alkyl groups attached to the positively charged carbon, greater is the stabilization.

Step 1: Identify the type of carbocations.
• Primary carbocation: carbon attached to one alkyl group
• Secondary carbocation: carbon attached to two alkyl groups
• Tertiary carbocation: carbon attached to three alkyl groups

Step 2: Apply stability rule.
More alkyl groups provide greater stabilization through inductive effect and hyperconjugation.

Step 3: Arrange them in increasing stability.