Ethers

Tert-butyl methyl ether on treatment with hydrogen iodide in cold gives tert-butyl iodide and methyl alcohol.
When one of the alkyl groups is tertiary, then tertiary alkyl halide an lower alcohol is formed. (proceeds through the mechanism since tertiary carbocation is most stable)

Step 1: Formula for molar conductivity.
Molar conductivity is related to conductivity and concentration by the equation:
Step 2: Calculation.
Substitute the given values: Solving for :
Step 3: Conclusion.
The concentration of NaCl solution is 0.001 mol L .

Step 1: Meaning of hybridization.
Hybridization involves mixing of atomic orbitals of similar energy to form hybrid orbitals.

Step 2: Processes involved.
During hybridization, excitation of electrons and recasting of orbitals may occur, leading to formation of -bonds.

Step 3: Identifying the incorrect process.
Loss and gain of electrons is related to redox reactions or ionic bond formation, not hybridization.

Step 4: Conclusion.
Hence, loss and gain of electron is NOT found in hybridization.

Step 1: Understanding the reaction.
When 2-nitropropane reacts with nitrous acid, a reaction occurs that typically results in the formation of a blue-colored product. This reaction is part of the diazotization process where the nitro group gets involved in the formation of a colored complex.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) Yellow: Incorrect. The product is not yellow.
(B) Red: Incorrect. The reaction does not yield a red solution.
(C) Blue: Correct. The solution turns blue as a result of the reaction.
(D) Green: Incorrect. The product is not green.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (C) Blue, as the solution obtained when 2-nitropropane reacts with nitrous acid is blue.

Step 1: Understanding the reaction.
When glucose reacts with bromine water, it undergoes oxidation to form gluconic acid. This is a common reaction of glucose with oxidizing agents like bromine.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) Gluconic acid: Correct — Gluconic acid is formed as a result of oxidation of glucose by bromine water.
(B) Saccharic acid: This is not the product of this reaction.
(C) 1, 6-dibromo glucose: This is incorrect; bromine does not add across the glucose molecule in this reaction.
(D) Bromhexane: This is an incorrect product.

Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (A) Gluconic acid.

Step 1: Understanding the reaction.
Methoxybenzene (anisole) reacts with hydroiodic acid (HI) in a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The methoxy group (-OCH ) is electron-donating and activates the aromatic ring for substitution. The reaction leads to the formation of iodomethane (CH I) and phenol (C H OH).
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) Iodomethane and Iodobenzene: This is incorrect. Iodobenzene is not formed in this reaction.
(B) Iodomethane and Phenol: This is correct. The reaction produces iodomethane and phenol.
(C) Methanol and Iodobenzene: This is incorrect. Methanol is not formed in this reaction.
(D) Iodomethane and Benzene: This is incorrect. Benzene is not formed in this reaction.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (B) Iodomethane and Phenol.

Step 1: Formula for osmotic pressure.
The osmotic pressure ( ) is given by the formula: Where: - is the amount of solute (semi-molar solution), - is the ideal gas constant, - is the temperature in Kelvin.

Step 2: Calculation.
Substitute the values into the formula:
Step 3: Conclusion.
The osmotic pressure is 12.3 atm, so the correct answer is (D) 12.3 atm.

Step 1: Write the structure of the ether.
3–Chloropropyl ethyl ether has the structure: Step 2: Select the parent chain.
The longer carbon chain is propane, so propane is taken as the parent hydrocarbon.
Step 3: Identify substituents and their positions.
An ethoxy group ( ) is attached at carbon 1, and a chloro group ( ) is attached at carbon 3.
Step 4: Apply IUPAC nomenclature rules.
Substituents are written in alphabetical order with appropriate locants, giving the name: Step 5: Conclusion.
Hence, the correct IUPAC name is 3–Chloro–1–ethoxypropane.

Step 1: Reaction type.
Dehydration of secondary alcohols requires moderately concentrated sulphuric acid and controlled heating.
Step 2: Reaction conditions.
Butan-2-ol undergoes elimination in the presence of about sulphuric acid at .
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct condition is sulphuric acid and .

The IUPAC name of an ether is derived by naming the two alkyl groups attached to the oxygen atom and adding the word "ether" at the end. In this case, the given ether has one methoxy group ( ) and one ethane group ( ) attached to the oxygen atom. Thus, the IUPAC name of this ether is "Methoxy ethane," where "methoxy" represents the group, and "ethane" represents the group.
Conclusion: The correct IUPAC name is "Methoxy ethane."

Step 1: Concept
An oxidising agent gets reduced itself. The species with the highest (most positive) standard reduction potential is the strongest oxidising agent.
Step 2: Analysis
- Fluorine ( ) has the highest reduction potential in the electrochemical series ( ). - It has a very high tendency to accept electrons to form .
Step 3: Conclusion
is the strongest oxidising agent, while (metal) is the strongest reducing agent.
Final Answer: (C)