Work Done In Thermodynamics

Concept: Chemistry (Thermodynamics) - Entropy Change of Surroundings.

Step 1: Identify the given thermodynamic parameters. The absolute temperature of the process is given as . The enthalpy change of the system (melting of ice) is given as .

Step 2: Convert units to standard Joules. Since the given multiple-choice options are in Joules per Kelvin ( ), we must convert the system's enthalpy change from kilojoules to joules: .

Step 3: State the formula for entropy change of the surroundings. At constant temperature and pressure, the heat transferred to the surroundings is equal and opposite to the heat absorbed by the system. Thus, . The formula for the entropy change of the surroundings is .

Step 4: Substitute the values into the formula. Substitute the converted enthalpy value and the given temperature into the equation: .

Step 5: Calculate the final numerical value. Cancel the zeros and perform the division: . Rounding to one decimal place to match the provided options yields . $ $

Step 1: In isothermal process, temperature remains constant.

Step 2: System may exchange heat with surroundings.

Step 3: For ideal gas, internal energy depends only on temperature.

Step 4: Since temperature is constant, internal energy remains constant.

Step 5: Enthalpy need not remain constant in general. $ $

Concept: Work done by a gas during expansion at constant pressure is given by where = external pressure, . The negative sign indicates work done by the system on the surroundings.

Step 1: Calculate the change in volume. Convert to :

Step 2: Convert pressure to SI units.

Step 3: Substitute into the formula. Thus, the work done by the gas is J.