Industrial Chemistry

Step 1: Recall the Rasching process.
The Rasching process is an industrial method used to convert chlorobenzene into phenol using steam at high temperature and pressure.
Step 2: Identify the catalyst used.
Calcium phosphate acts as a catalyst in this process and facilitates the hydrolysis of chlorobenzene to phenol.
Step 3: Eliminate incorrect options.
Calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, and calcium chloride are not used as catalysts in the Rasching process.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Hence, the catalyst used in the Rasching process is calcium phosphate.

Step 1: Understanding the Bosch process.
The Bosch process is used for the production of hydrogen. In this process, (Chromium oxide) is used as a promoter to improve the efficiency of the catalyst.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) : This is not used as a promoter in Bosch's process.
(B) CO: Carbon monoxide is not used as a promoter in this process.
(C) : Iron oxide is not the promoter in Bosch’s process.
(D) : Correct — Chromium oxide is used as a promoter in the Bosch process.

Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (D) , as it is used as a promoter in Bosch’s process.

Step 1: Understanding boiling point elevation.
Boiling point elevation is directly proportional to the molality of the solution. Ionic compounds, such as CaCl , dissociate into more particles in solution, which leads to a higher boiling point.

Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) 1% urea solution: Urea is a non-electrolyte and does not dissociate into ions, leading to a lower boiling point elevation.
(B) 1% sucrose: Sucrose is also a non-electrolyte, similar to urea, and does not dissociate into ions.
(C) 1% NaCl solution: Sodium chloride dissociates into Na and Cl ions, raising the boiling point more than urea and sucrose, but not as much as CaCl .
(D) 1% CaCl solution: Calcium chloride dissociates into three ions (Ca and 2Cl ), leading to the highest boiling point elevation.

Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (D) 1% CaCl solution, as it dissociates into the most ions, resulting in the highest boiling point.