Biochemistry

Statement I: Prokaryotic RNA polymerase is responsible for the elongation phase of transcription. Correct

Statement II: The Rho factor is involved in termination, not initiation of transcription. RNA polymerase interacts with sigma factor (σ) for initiation and with Rho factor (ρ) for termination. Incorrect

Fatty acids: Are long-chain carboxylic acids. Palmitic acid (C) and arachidonic acid (B) are examples of fatty acids.
Amino acids: Glutamic acid (A) and aspartic acid (E) are amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. They are not fatty acids.
Phospholipid: Lecithin (D) is a type of phospholipid, a major component of cell membranes. While fatty acids are part of the structure of lecithin, lecithin itself is not a fatty acid.
Thus, the compounds that are not fatty acids are A, D, and E.

Statement (1) is incorrect. Separated DNA fragments are visualized after staining with a compound like ethidium bromide, followed by exposure to UV radiation. Pure DNA fragments are not directly visible under UV light without staining. The other statements are correct.

A. Primary structure of protein: The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. A-II

B. Secondary structure of protein: The secondary structure refers to local folded structures within the polypeptide chain, stabilized by hydrogen bonds. Common secondary structures include alpha helices and beta sheets. B-IV

C. Tertiary structure of protein: The tertiary structure is the overall 3D arrangement of a polypeptide chain, stabilized by various interactions, including disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and ionic bonds. C-II

D. Quaternary structure of protein: The quaternary structure is the arrangement of mul tiple polypeptide chains (subunits) in a protein complex. Human hemoglobin, composed of four subunits, is an example of a protein with quaternary structure. D-I

Lyases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N, and other bonds by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. They often form double bonds or rings in the process.
The other options are incorrect:

• Transferases: Catalyze the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.
• Oxidoreductases: Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions.
• Dehydrogenases: A subclass of oxidoreductases that specifically catalyze the removal of hydrogen atoms.