Digestion And Absorption

The correct option is (C) : Hydrolases

Protein, lipid, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, and fat molecules are disassembled into their most basic components by hydrolytic enzymes. Hydrolytic enzymes include all digestive enzymes. Due to the release of HCl, the pH of the stomach is low. Protease, a protein-digesting enzyme, operates in low pH environments, such as the stomach. Since the stomach is not where carbohydrates are digested, amylase is a starch (carbohydrate) digestion enzyme.

The stomach's production of hydrochloric acid is controlled by parietal cells. The pH of the stomach is brought down to 1.5 to 2.5 by gastric acid.

In the presence of an acidic pH, this secretion is critical for the function of stomach enzymes.

Additionally, it is crucial for eliminating any pathogens that may be present in the food.

In the stomach mucosa, there are many tiny tubular glands. The epithelium of the gastric glands contains parietal cells, which are more prevalent on the side walls of the glands. They are also known as oxyntic cells because eosin causes them to stain so dramatically. They release hydrochloric acid and castle intrinsic factors, both of which are necessary for vitamin B12 absorption. In the stomach, HCl maintains a highly acidic pH of 1.5 to 2.5. This eliminates germs as well as any other potentially hazardous organisms that could be present in food.

Parietal or oxyntic cells release intrinsic factors and HCl, which causes the stomach's pH to be very acidic. Pepsinogen, which is secreted by parietal glands and changed into pepsin by hydrochloric acid, is also produced. Protein is digested as a result of pepsin. Protein digestion will be directly impacted if parietal cells stop functioning.

To determine which function is not performed by secretions from salivary glands, we must consider the roles of different components in saliva:

1. Control bacterial population in mouth: Saliva contains enzymes like lysozyme and antibodies that help to reduce and control bacteria in the mouth, preventing infections.
2. Digestion of complex carbohydrates: Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, which initiates the breakdown of complex carbohydrates like starch into simpler sugars in the mouth.
3. Lubrication of oral cavity: Saliva contains mucins that help to lubricate and moisten the oral cavity, facilitating speech and swallowing.
4. Digestion of disaccharides: This task is not performed by the salivary glands. The digestion of disaccharides occurs in the small intestine with the help of enzymes like maltase, sucrase, and lactase.

Based on the roles and functions outlined above, the correct answer is that salivary glands do not perform the digestion of disaccharides.

• Gastro-oesophageal sphincter: This is responsible for preventing acid reflux from the stomach back into the esophagus.
• Pyloric sphincter: This regulates the passage of digested food from the stomach into the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine).
• Sphincter of Oddi: It controls the flow of bile and pancreatic juice from the bile duct and pancreatic duct into the duodenum.