Ozone Depletion

The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon where certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat, preventing it from escaping into space. This process helps keep the planet warm enough to support life. However, human activities have increased the concentrations of these gases, leading to global warming and climate change.

The primary gases responsible for the greenhouse effect are:

• Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): Produced by burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and various industrial processes.
• Methane (CH₄): Emitted during the production and transport of coal, oil, and natural gas, and from livestock and agricultural practices. It is a potent greenhouse gas, with a greater heat-trapping ability than CO₂.
• Others include Nitrous Oxide and fluorinated gases, but the most significant contributors are CO₂ and CH₄.

Now, let's evaluate the options given:

1. Ozone and Ammonia: Ozone is a greenhouse gas primarily found in the stratosphere, playing a different role in absorbing ultraviolet radiation. Ammonia is not a significant greenhouse gas.
2. Oxygen and Nitrogen: These are the most abundant gases in the atmosphere but are not greenhouse gases as they do not trap heat.
3. Nitrogen and Sulphur dioxide: Neither of these gases plays a major direct role in the greenhouse effect. Sulfur dioxide can contribute to atmospheric reactions but is not a primary greenhouse gas.
4. Carbon dioxide and Methane: Both are significant contributors to the greenhouse effect, playing a critical role in atmospheric warming.

The correct pair of gases primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect is Carbon dioxide and Methane.