Electric Flux

To find the electric flux at any point inside the metallic sphere of radius , we need to apply Gauss's Law, which states: where is the electric flux, is the charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface, and is the permittivity of free space. For a point inside the metallic sphere of radius , the Gaussian surface inside the sphere does not enclose any charge. This is because the metallic sphere of radius has no charge inside it; the charge is distributed on the surface of the sphere. Thus, the electric flux at any point inside the metallic sphere of radius due to the charge on the sphere of radius is zero, because the Gaussian surface inside the sphere does not enclose any charge. Therefore, the electric flux is: Thus, the correct answer is zero.

In a transverse wave, the particle velocity is always perpendicular to the displacement of the particle, and the wave velocity is along the direction of propagation of the wave. - The particle velocity is the velocity at which each particle of the medium moves as the wave passes. This velocity is tangential to the particle's motion. - The wave velocity, on the other hand, is the velocity at which the wave moves through the medium, propagating from one point to another. At any point except when the particle passes through the mean position (where the particle is momentarily stationary), the angle between the particle velocity and the wave velocity is . This is because the particle moves perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Thus, the angle between the particle velocity and wave velocity is .