Equilibrium

Ice Water The volume of ice is more than water. Therefore when pressure is increased the equilibrium shifts in forward direction. It favoures melting of ice

Phenol does not undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction easily due to the presence of a partial double bond character between the carbon and oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl group (
OH). This partial double bond character makes the C
OH bond more stable, making it less reactive for nucleophilic substitution.

Step 1: Understanding the Cannizzaro Reaction
The Cannizzaro reaction involves the disproportionation of non-enolizable aldehydes (aldehydes without alpha-hydrogens) in the presence of a strong base (alkali). This reaction produces an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.
Step 2: Understanding Aldol Condensation
Aldol condensation occurs in aldehydes and ketones that possess at least one -hydrogen in the presence of alkali or acid. It leads to the formation of -hydroxy aldehydes or ketones, which can further dehydrate to form -unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
Step 3: Evaluating the Statements
Statement (A): This is true. The Cannizzaro reaction is given by aldehydes without -hydrogen in the presence of alkali.
Statement (B): This is true. Aldol condensation is given by aldehydes in the presence of alkali or acids.
Statement (C): This is also true. Aldol condensation can occur in the presence of acids or bases. In an acidic medium, the enol form of the carbonyl compound reacts with another carbonyl compound to give aldol condensation products.
Statement (D): Since all the given statements are true, none of them is false.
Step 4: Conclusion
Since all the statements are correct, the false statement does not exist. Thus, option (D) "None of the above" is the correct answer. Final Answer: The correct answer is (D) None of the above.