Ideal Gas Equation

- : has more covalent character than because F has a higher electronegativity than I, which makes the bond in more ionic, and less covalent.
- : has more covalent character than because smaller ions (like ) tend to polarize the chloride ions more than the larger ion, leading to more covalent character in .
- : This is correct because lithium has a small ionic radius and high charge density, which allows it to polarize the fluoride ion more than potassium in . This leads to a higher covalent character in .
- : This is incorrect as has more covalent character due to the polarizing effect of the small ion.
Thus, the correct answer is .

Step 1: The problem states that a vessel of ideal gas is partitioned into three equal parts, each with the same ideal gas. The volume of the total gas is , and the volume of each part is , as the gas is divided into three equal parts. Step 2: Now, considering the temperature in each part, as the vessel is partitioned equally, the temperature of each part remains the same, which is , because temperature is not affected by partitioning when each part is in equilibrium. Step 3: Thus, the volume in each part is and the temperature remains in each part. Therefore, the correct answer is:

Step 1: Using the relation for kinetic energy The kinetic energy per mole of an ideal gas is given by: Given, J/mol, we solve for : Using J/mol-K: Step 2: Applying the Ideal Gas Law The ideal gas equation is: Given:

Step 1: Applying the General Gas Law
For an ideal gas: where:
- kPa, m , K
- kPa, m , Step 2: Rearranging the Equation Step 3: Substituting Values Thus, the temperature change required is K. \bigskip