Properties Of Solids

The total charge passed is . The electrochemical equivalent is given by .

Using Raoult's law, the partial pressures are and . The total pressure is . The mole fraction of toluene in the vapour phase is .

Step 1: First-Order Reaction Integrated Rate Law The rate equation for a first-order reaction is: Upon integration, we obtain: Or in terms of concentrations,

Step 2: Interpretation of Graphs
- The equation shows that vs. gives a straight line with a negative slope.
- Option (4) correctly represents this linear decrease in the concentration of reactant over time.
- Other options do not follow this logarithmic behavior.

Step 3: Conclusion
- The correct graphical representation for a first-order reaction is Option (4).
- The slope of the straight-line graph gives , which can be used to determine the rate constant .

Step 1: SiO forms a network solid due to strong covalent bonding between oxygen and silicon atoms. It does not conduct electricity because there are no free-moving electrons or ions in its structure, hence it is an insulator in the solid state.

Step 2: The high melting point of SiO is due to the strong covalent bonds between the atoms in the network structure.

Thus, the correct option is (3).

The structure provided for the 4-Chloro-1,3-dinitrobenzene does not match its name; instead, the structure shown corresponds to another compound. The naming convention should accurately reflect the substituent positions indicated by the structure.

Step 1: Frenkel Defect - Occurs in ionic solids with a large difference in the size of ions (e.g., small cation). - It is also called a “dislocation defect” since the cation leaves its lattice site and occupies an interstitial site.

Step 2: Schottky Defect - Involves equal numbers of cation and anion vacancies. - Reduces the overall density of the crystal; thus it does affect physical properties.

Step 3: F-centers - Formed when anionic vacancies (missing negative ions) trap electrons. - These electrons absorb certain wavelengths of light, often imparting color to the crystal. Hence, among the given statements, only (4) is correct.