Industrial Melanism In Moths

Step 1: Analyzing the assertion:
- The industrial revolution in England led to increased pollution, particularly soot in urban areas, which caused a change in the environment.
- The white-winged moths were previously more prevalent in these areas due to their camouflage on the light-colored tree trunks. However, after industrialization, the darker tree trunks (due to soot) caused a decrease in the number of white-winged moths.
Step 2: Analyzing the reason:
- The effects of industrialization were more marked in urban areas, not rural areas. In rural areas, there was less industrial pollution, so the change in the population of moths was not as dramatic as in urban areas.
- Therefore, while the assertion is true, the reason is incorrect because the effects were more marked in urban areas, not rural areas.
Step 3: Conclusion:
Thus, the correct answer is option (C): (A) is true, but (R) is false.