Chemistry In Everyday Life

The given compound in the image is identified as Saccharin. It is a well-known artificial sweetener and is recognized by its distinct chemical structure, which includes a benzene ring fused with a sulfonamide functional group (SO₂NH).

1. The structure of Saccharin includes a benzene ring and a cyclic imide which is characteristic of its chemical formula: C₇H₅NO₃S.
2. This helps distinguish it from other sweeteners like Aspartame, Sucralose, and Alitame, which have different molecular structures.
3. For instance:
   • Aspartame is a dipeptide ester containing amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine.
   • Sucralose is a chlorinated derivative of sucrose.
   • Alitame is a derivative of aspartic acid and alanine.
4. Saccharin is used widely as a sugar substitute, especially for people who need to control their sugar intake due to conditions like diabetes.

Therefore, based on the chemical structure and functional groups present, the compound given in the question is correctly identified as Saccharin.

The question asks for the first chlorinated organic insecticide ever prepared. To answer this, we need to consider the history and chemistry of insecticides, particularly organochlorine compounds.

Let's analyze the options:

1. Gammaxene: This is another name for Lindane, which is a derivative of benzene hexachloride. It is an organochlorine insecticide but was not the first to be developed. It was synthesized after DDT.
2. Chloroform: Chloroform is not an insecticide. It is an organic compound with the formula CHCl₃ and is used as a solvent and anesthetic.
3. COCl₂: This is the formula for phosgene, a toxic gas used as a chemical weapon. It is not used as an insecticide.
4. DDT: DDT (Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane) is an organochlorine insecticide. It was synthesized by Othmar Zeidler in 1874 and its insecticidal properties were discovered by Paul Müller in 1939. It is indeed the first chlorinated organic insecticide.

Given this analysis, the correct answer is DDT. DDT was the first chlorinated organic compound used as an insecticide, leading to its widespread use during World War II and the subsequent decades.

In conclusion, the answer is DDT, as it was the first discovered and widely used chlorinated organic insecticide.

Cationic detergents are surfactants that carry a positive charge on their hydrophilic end. They belong to the class of quaternary ammonium compounds, which are known for their bactericidal properties and are commonly used as fabric softeners and in disinfectants. Let us examine the options given to identify which is a cationic detergent:

1. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide: This compound is a typical cationic detergent. It contains a quaternary ammonium ion in which the nitrogen atom carries a positive charge. This makes it hydrophilic, while the long alkyl chain (cetyl group) acts as the hydrophobic part, allowing it to function effectively as a surfactant.
2. Sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate: This is an anionic detergent, as it contains a negative charge on the sulfonate group, making it hydrophilic. The sodium ion is merely a counterion.
3. Dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid: This is also an anionic compound, as it has a negative sulfonic acid group, which upon neutralization gives soaps or anionic detergents.
4. Dodecylbenzene: This is not a detergent; rather, it is a hydrocarbon without any ionic (hydrophilic) parts, making it neither cationic nor viable as a surfactant.

From the above analysis, it is clear that Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is the only option that is a cationic detergent due to the presence of the positively charged quaternary ammonium ion.

Therefore, the correct answer is Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.