Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

The question asks us to identify the type of isomerism displayed by Propanone and Propanal. Let's analyze the options to determine which type of isomerism fits.

1. Understanding Isomerism: Isomerism occurs when two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas or arrangements.
2. Propanone and Propanal:
   • (also known as Acetone)
3. Types of Isomerism:
   • Position Isomers: Compounds with the same molecular formula but different positions of the functional group or substituents on the same carbon skeleton. Propanone and Propanal do not have the same carbon skeleton.
   • Functional Isomers: Compounds with the same molecular formula but different functional groups. Propanone contains a ketone group, whereas Propanal contains an aldehyde group. Thus, Propanone and Propanal are functional isomers.
   • Chain Isomers: Compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of the carbon chain. Both Propanone and Propanal have three carbon atoms but differ in functional group type, not chain arrangement.
   • Geometrical Isomers: Compounds with the same structural formula but differ in spatial orientation of groups about a double bond or ring. Propanone and Propanal do not exhibit geometrical isomerism.
4. Conclusion: Based on the analysis, Propanone and Propanal are functional isomers because they share the same molecular formula but have different functional groups (ketone and aldehyde).

To determine the products 'X' and 'Y' formed from the reactions described, we need to analyze two processes involving sodium ethanoate.

Step 1: Heating Sodium Ethanoate with Soda Lime

The reaction of sodium ethanoate with soda lime (a mixture of sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide) is a decarboxylation reaction. The general reaction for decarboxylation of a carboxylate salt is:

In this case, sodium ethanoate reacts with soda lime to produce methane and sodium carbonate .

Step 2: Electrolysis of Aqueous Sodium Ethanoate Solution

This process involves the Kolbe electrolysis where carboxylate ions are oxidized. The reaction is represented as follows:

The carboxylate ion undergoes electrolysis to form an alkane. In this case:

This results in the formation of ethane and other by-products.

Conclusion:

From the above analysis, the products 'X' and 'Y' of the respective reactions are:

• 'X': Methane , formed by heating sodium ethanoate with soda lime.
• 'Y': Ethane , produced by the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium ethanoate.

Thus, the correct option is Methane and Ethane.

To solve the given reaction sequence, let's break it down into steps:

1. **Formation of Diazonium Ion (P):**
   Aniline ( ) reacts with sodium nitrite ( ) and dilute hydrochloric acid ( ) to form benzene diazonium chloride ( ). This reaction occurs through the following steps:
   
2. **Coupling Reaction with Phenol in NaOH (Q):**
   The benzene diazonium chloride (P) undergoes a coupling reaction with phenol in the presence of NaOH to form an azo compound. The coupling primarily occurs at the para position of the phenol ring, leading to the formation of para-hydroxyazobenzene.

The end product (Q) is para-hydroxyazobenzene. The reason para substitution is favored is due to steric and electronic considerations, which make the para position more accessible and reactive in phenolic compounds during coupling reactions.

Therefore, the correct answer is Para-hydroxyazobenzene.