D Block Elements

The ions which contain unpaired electrons exhibit paramagnetic behaviour.

The electronic configuration of the ions are given below:





Thus, all of them have unpaired electrons. Hence, they will show paramagnetic behaviour.

In option (B) does not possess any unpaired electrons.

In option (C) does not possess any unpaired electrons.

Similarly, in option (D) does not possess any unpaired electrons.

So, the correct option is (C):

To address the question regarding the properties of elements from (Scandium) to (Copper) in the periodic table, we need to analyze the electronic configuration and typical oxidation states of these transition metals.

The elements from Sc to Cu are transition elements and hence, follow typical behavior such as incomplete subshells in their ground state.

1. Analyzing the options:
   • Option 1: The lowest oxidation state shown by them is +2.
   • Option 2: 4 S orbital is completely filled in the ground state.
   • Option 3: 3 d orbital is not completely filled in the ground state.
   • Option 4: The ions in +2 oxidation states are paramagnetic.
2. Explanation:
   • Consider Option 1: While several of the elements do show a +2 oxidation state, it is not always the lowest possible oxidation state for each element. For example, Copper (Cu) can show a +1 oxidation state.
   • Consider Option 2: Not all elements from Sc to Cu have a completely filled 4s orbital in their elemental state. For instance, in the case of Scandium (Sc), its configuration is , but it changes when ions are formed.
   • Consider Option 3: The statement "3d orbital is not completely filled in the ground state" is true for elements from Sc to Ni. However, Copper (Cu) has a configuration of , implying a completely filled 3d subshell.
3. Verification of Option 4:
   • In the +2 oxidation state, all these elements have electrons removed from their outermost energy level, the 4s orbital, and partially from the 3d subshell. This typically results in unpaired electrons, especially because is not fully filled in ions. Therefore, they are usually paramagnetic due to the presence of unpaired electrons.
4. Conclusion:
   • Option 4, "The ions in +2 oxidation states are paramagnetic," is the correct statement for this group of transition elements, as they all tend to have unpaired electrons in the subshell making them paramagnetic.