Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Step 1: Path to A
Benzene + Benzene sulphonic acid (A).
Step 2: Path to B
Alkali fusion of (A) converts the group into a hydroxyl group, giving Phenol (B).
Step 3: Path to C
Phenol reacts with excess bromine water ( ) to undergo poly-substitution.
Step 4: Conclusion
The final product C is 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol.
Final Answer: (D)

Step 1: Analysis
o-toluic acid contains a methyl group ( ) and a carboxylic acid group ( ).
Step 2: Directing Effects
- is an activating, ortho/para directing group. - is a deactivating, meta directing group.
Step 3: Conclusion
Both groups direct the incoming electrophile ( ) to the same position. In the major product, Bromine is para to and meta to .
Final Answer: (C)