Intermolecular Forces

Step 1: Concept
Concentrated sulphuric acid ( ) is a powerful dehydrating agent.
Step 2: Analysis
It has a high affinity for water because it reacts with water molecules to form stable hydrates (e.g., , ).
Step 3: Energy
This process is highly exothermic, which drives the "affinity" for water.
Final Answer: (C)

Concept: Boiling point of non-polar molecules depends on London dispersion forces.

Step 1: All molecules are non-polar.

Step 2: Compare molar masses:


Step 3: Higher molar mass higher boiling point.

Step 4: Arrange in increasing order:
Conclusion:
Correct order = CH < CF < CCl

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Boiling point depends on the type of bonding and the strength of intermolecular forces. Ionic compounds generally have high boiling points, but covalent character reduces it.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
According to Fajans' rule, a smaller cation with a higher charge has a greater polarizing power, leading to more covalent character in the compound and thus a lower boiling point. • KCl: Large K ion, low polarizing power, ionic, high boiling point. • CuCl: Cu is smaller, has polarizing power, some covalent character. • CuCl : Cu is smaller and has a higher charge, so it has the greatest polarizing power, giving the highest covalent character and thus the lowest boiling point. • CsCl: Very large Cs ion, low polarizing power, ionic, high boiling point.

Step 3: Final Answer:
CuCl has the lowest boiling point, which corresponds to option (C).