Electrochemistry

Concept: Faraday’s law: mass charge passed.

Step 1: Charge passed C.

Step 2: Moles of electrons = mol.

Step 3: From reaction, 3 mol e 1 mol Au.


Step 4: Mass of Au = g.
Conclusion:
Mass deposited = 0.184 g

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Oxidation state is determined by electronegativity differences. Fluorine is the most electronegative element.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
\begin{itemize} \item (A) : Let O.N. of O be x. . \item (B) : . \item (C) : F has O.N. -1. . \item (D) : Let O.N. of O be x. S has O.N. +4. . \end{itemize}
Step 3: Final Answer:
Oxygen has +2 oxidation state in , option (C).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
(also denoted as ) is the ratio of specific heats. For monatomic gases, .
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Noble gases are monatomic. For a monatomic ideal gas, degrees of freedom = 3 (translational only). , . .
Step 3: Final Answer:
for noble gases is 1.66, option (A).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The compound is , which is nitrosyl perchlorate. It can be written as and .
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
In , let oxidation number of N be . . In , let oxidation number of Cl be . .
Step 3: Final Answer:
Thus, oxidation numbers are N = +3 and Cl = +7, option (B).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The relationship between Gibbs free energy and cell potential is .
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
For a spontaneous reaction, . Since is negative, must be positive to make negative.
⇒ ⇒ spontaneous reaction.
⇒ ⇒ non-spontaneous.
⇒ ⇒ equilibrium.
Step 3: Final Answer:
A reaction is spontaneous when the cell potential is positive, option (A).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
In a face-centred cubic (FCC) lattice, atoms are located at the corners and the centers of each face. The question likely asks about the contribution of a face-centered atom.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:}}
In an FCC unit cell: \begin{itemize} \item Corner atoms: Each corner atom is shared by 8 unit cells. Contribution per unit cell = 1/8. \item Face-centered atoms: Each face-centered atom is shared by 2 unit cells (the one on either side of the face). Contribution per unit cell = 1/2. \end{itemize} The question "a unit cell is shared equally by how many unit cells" for a face-centered atom means it is shared by 2 unit cells. However, if the question means the number of unit cells that share a corner atom, it's 8. The phrasing is ambiguous. Based on common questions, the face-centered atom is shared by 2 unit cells. But option 4 is likely referring to the number of atoms per unit cell? Let's re-interpret: If it's asking for the number of unit cells that share a corner, answer is 8. But if it's asking for the number of unit cells that share a face-centered atom, answer is 2. Since 2 is not an option and 4 is, perhaps it's a different interpretation. The most common MCQ: "In FCC, a unit cell is shared equally by how many unit cells?" often refers to the number of unit cells sharing a corner, which is 8. However, 8 is not an option. There is an error in the question or options. Given the options, the most plausible is 4? Actually, corner atom is shared by 8, face atom by 2, edge atom by 4. Since no edge atoms in FCC, and 8 is not an option, the question might be misworded. Based on typical answers, I'll proceed with the concept that a face-centered atom is shared by 2 unit cells, but since that's not an option, the correct answer is likely 8, but it's not listed. There might be a typo. I'll choose 4 as the most common distractor, but the correct conceptual answer is 8 for corner, 2 for face. Since 2 is not an option, I'll explain and choose the nearest. Given the options, I'll select (A) 4 as it might refer to something else. However, to be accurate, I'll explain the correct concept.
Step 3: Final Answer:
A corner atom is shared by 8 unit cells, a face-centered atom is shared by 2 unit cells. Since 8 is not an option and the question is ambiguous, I'll state the correct concept.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Equivalent weight = .
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
. -factor = 6, so equivalent weight = .
Step 3: Final Answer:
Equivalent weight is molecular weight/6.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
V. J = kJ.
Step 3: Final Answer:
kJ.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Balance the redox reaction using half-reaction method.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Balanced equation: . Coefficients: 5, 1, 6.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The coefficients are 5, 1, 6.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
cell constant.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Cell constant =
Step 3: Final Answer:
Cell constant is 1.29.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Zn oxidizes ( V), Fe reduces ( V)

Step 3: Final Answer:
EMF is +0.323 V.

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Equivalent mass = M/n-factor, n-factor = change in oxidation number.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Mn: +7 to +2, change = 5
n-factor = 5
Equivalent mass = M/5
Step 3: Final Answer:
Equivalent mass is M/5.