Electricity

Concept: From Ohm's law Maximum fractional error rule:
Step 1: Calculate resistance.
Step 2: Calculate fractional error.
Step 3: Find maximum error in resistance.

Concept: Using Ohm's law for a circuit with internal resistance:
Step 1: Apply the condition for .
Step 2: Apply the condition for .
Step 3: Solve the equations.

Concept: In steady state (DC condition), a capacitor behaves as an open circuit. Thus, no current flows through the capacitor branch. Hence the potential difference across the capacitor equals the potential difference across the two nodes of that branch.
Step 1: Analyze the circuit at steady state. Since the capacitor branch carries no current, only the resistive loop with and remains active. Thus the total resistance in the loop is
Step 2: Find circuit current. Using Ohm's law:
Step 3: Voltage across the resistor. This is the same as the voltage across the capacitor.