Liquid State

Let's analyze each statement separately in terms of the physics concepts they involve:

1. Statement I: Viscosity of gases is greater than that of liquids.
   • Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. Generally, liquids have a higher viscosity than gases. This is because in liquids, molecules are closer together and interact more strongly than in gases, where molecules are far apart and interactions are minimal.
   • Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
2. Statement II: Surface tension of a liquid decreases due to the presence of insoluble impurities.
   • Surface tension is a physical property that represents the cohesive force at the surface of a liquid. The presence of insoluble impurities on the surface can disrupt the cohesive forces among the liquid molecules, reducing the surface tension.
   • Hence, this statement is correct.

Combining both analyses, we find that Statement I is incorrect whereas Statement II is correct. Therefore, the most appropriate choice is:

The correct answer is: Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.

To find the depth at which the volume of a rubber ball decreases by 0.02%, we use the formula for bulk modulus :

where is the change in pressure, and is the fractional change in volume.
Given .
Rearranging the formula gives:

Substitute :

The pressure difference is also given by the hydrostatic pressure:
where , , and is the depth.
Equating the expressions for :

Substituting the known values:



This computed depth of 18 m is within the provided range (18, 18), confirming the solution. Therefore, the depth below the surface of the sea is .

To determine the fractional compression of water at the bottom of the ocean, we start by understanding the relationship given by the definition of the bulk modulus , which is:

Bulk Modulus Equation:

Where:

• (bulk modulus of water)
• is the change in pressure
• is the fractional change in volume (compression)

We first need to determine the pressure increase at the bottom of the ocean due to the water column. Using the hydrostatic pressure formula, we have:

Hydrostatic Pressure:

Where:

• (density of water)
• (acceleration due to gravity)
• (depth of the ocean)

Substitute the known values:

Using the bulk modulus equation, we solve for the fractional change in volume:

Substitute and values:

Expressing this in the given format , we find:

Verification:
The computed value of falls within the given range of 2,2, confirming the solution is correct.