Chemical Reactions Of Haloalkanes And Haloarenes

Therefore, the amine is primary.
So, the correct option is (D) :

1. Assertion (A): - Hydrolysis of alkyl chlorides is typically a slow reaction because the leaving group ( ) is not very efficient.
- However, in the presence of , displaces in an substitution reaction, forming alkyl iodides. - Alkyl iodides hydrolyze faster due to the better leaving group ( ).
- Therefore, Assertion (A) is true.

2. Reason (R): - is both a good nucleophile and an excellent leaving group. This property enhances the reaction rate and increases the hydrolysis rate.
- Hence, Reason (R) is true.

3. Relationship between A and R: - The presence of enhances the hydrolysis rate primarily because is a better nucleophile and a better leaving group than . - This is consistent with the assertion and explains the observed phenomenon.
- Thus, Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A).

In the given reaction, electrophilic substitution of the phenyl group with a sulfate group is induced. The major products are:

The correct answer is (C) : 2 - Bromo - 3 - deuterobutane

The question asks us to identify the reason for the colors observed in K₂Cr₂O₇ (orange) and KMnO₄ (purple). The options provided suggest different types of electronic transitions. Let's explore the correct reasoning behind the colorations:

1. Charge Transfer Transition:
   • The color of a compound is often a result of the electronic transitions happening within it.
   • In inorganic compounds, two primary types of transitions can occur: d-d transitions and charge transfer transitions.
   • In a charge transfer transition, an electron is transferred between the metal and the ligands. These transitions are generally very strong as they involve a transfer of an electron across elements, and are typically seen in highly colored compounds like K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄.
2. d-d Transition:
   • This type of transition involves an electron jumping between d-orbitals of a transition metal.
   • d-d transitions are weak as they involve electrons within the same atom without a change in chemical bonding.
   • Generally observed in complexes with partially filled d orbitals, such as many transition metal complexes.
3. Chromate and Permanganate Colors:
   • K₂Cr₂O₇ (Potassium Dichromate): The orange color of potassium dichromate arises due to the charge transfer transition between the chromium atoms and the oxygen atoms that constitute its structure.
   • KMnO₄ (Potassium Permanganate): The intense purple color arises due to similar charge transfer transitions from the ligand to the manganese metal.

Hence, the correct explanation for the coloration of both compounds is due to charge transfer transitions that occur within their molecular structures.

The correct option is: Charge transfer transition in both.