Miscellaneous

The correct answer is (B) : 0.00561
= .00561
The answer is expressed in 3 significant figures

The acidity of oxyacids like HNO , HClO , and HClO depends on the electronegativity of the central atom and the number of oxygen atoms attached to it.

The greater the number of oxygen atoms and the higher the electronegativity of the central atom, the stronger the acid. - HClO is the strongest acid because chlorine is highly electronegative and has the most oxygen atoms attached to it.

HNO is stronger than HClO because the nitrogen atom is more electronegative than chlorine, and nitric acid has more oxygen atoms than chlorous acid.

The ionic size of an ion is determined by a combination of the number of electrons and the effective nuclear charge (the charge felt by the electrons from the nucleus). Here's a more detailed explanation of the given ions:

Step 1: Ionic Size of

Fluorine (F) in its neutral form has 9 protons and 9 electrons. When it gains one electron to form the anion , the number of electrons increases to 10, while the number of protons remains the same. This results in an increased electron-electron repulsion, which causes the electron cloud to expand. As a result, has a larger ionic radius compared to its neutral form.

Step 2: Ionic Size of Cations , , and

On the other hand, sodium ( ), magnesium ( ), and aluminum ( ) are all metals that lose electrons to form cations. When an atom loses electrons, it results in a higher effective nuclear charge because there are fewer electrons to shield the positive charge of the nucleus. This increased attraction between the nucleus and the remaining electrons causes the ionic radius to decrease. Here's a closer look at each cation:

• : Sodium has 11 protons and 11 electrons in its neutral state. When it loses one electron to form , it becomes isoelectronic with neon (with 10 electrons), but the nucleus still has 11 protons. The greater nuclear charge pulls the electrons closer, resulting in a smaller ionic radius.
• : Magnesium has 12 protons and 12 electrons in its neutral state. When it loses two electrons to form , it becomes isoelectronic with neon, but with 12 protons. The increased positive charge pulls the electrons even closer, further reducing the ionic radius compared to .
• : Aluminum has 13 protons and 13 electrons in its neutral state. When it loses three electrons to form , it becomes isoelectronic with neon, but with 13 protons. The higher nuclear charge results in the greatest attraction to the electrons, leading to the smallest ionic radius among the three cations.

Conclusion

The size of an ion is determined by its charge and the number of electrons. Anions (like ) tend to have larger ionic radii than cations because the addition of electrons increases electron-electron repulsion, expanding the electron cloud. In contrast, cations (such as , , and ) have smaller ionic radii because the removal of electrons increases the effective nuclear charge, pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus.

Therefore, has the largest size among the given ions, followed by , , and in decreasing order of size.

In the given complex, the copper ion has an oxidation state of +2.

The ammonia (NH ) acts as a monodentate ligand, meaning it can only form one bond with the metal. The geometry of this complex is square planar because copper(II) in this case typically exhibits square planar geometry when coordinated with four ligands, especially in the configuration.

- Statement A: The complex has a square planar geometry, and the oxidation state of Cu is +2, which is correct.
- Statement B: The complex does not exhibit sp hybridization; rather, it exhibits hybridization in square planar geometry.
- Statement C: Ammonia (NH ) is a monodentate ligand, not a bidentate ligand.
- Statement D: The copper ion in this case has a configuration, not a electronic configuration, meaning it's incorrect to say the complex has a configuration.

Therefore, only statement A is correct.

The expression represents a quantity related to magnetic fields.

The dimensions of (magnetic field) are [M T A ], and the dimensions of permeability are [M L T A ].

Therefore, the dimensions of are [M A L T ].