Properties Of D Block Elements

The spin only magnetic moment is given by

where is the number of unpaired electrons and is the spin-only magnetic moment. The complex having higher number of unpaired electrons will have higher value of spin only magnetic moment,

In has electronic configuration with 0 unpaired electrons.

In [NiCl ] 2 -, thas electronic configuration with 2 unpaired electrons.

In has electronic configuration with 3 unpaired electrons.

In 'has electronic configuration with 5 unpaired electrons. Hence, correct order is

Correct order of I.P. is
[Ti < Mn < Ni < Zn]

Solution:-
According to equations, all the complexes are low spin. No. of Complex Configuration unpaired electrons
No. ot Complex Configuration unpaired electrons
3

2

1

0

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The stability of halogen oxides is governed by a combination of kinetic and thermodynamic factors.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
1. **Iodine Oxides:** These are the most stable because of higher thermodynamic stability resulting from high lattice energy and high covalent character (due to the large size and high polarizability of Iodine).
2. **Chlorine Oxides:** These are relatively stable due to kinetic factors and the ability of Chlorine to form multiple bonds ( bonding) with Oxygen, which stabilizes the structure.
3. **Bromine Oxides:** Bromine lacks both the high lattice energy stability of Iodine and the effective multiple bonding capability of Chlorine. Consequently, bromine oxides are the least stable and often exist only at low temperatures.
Thus, the decreasing order of stability is: .
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct stability order is .

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question relates to the anomalous behavior of Lithium in the alkali metal group, specifically focusing on its hydration and charge density.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Assertion (A): Lithium salts like are commonly found in hydrated forms, whereas salts of larger alkali metals (like , ) are usually anhydrous. This is correct.
Reason (R): Lithium ( ) has the smallest ionic size in the group. This leads to a very high charge-to-radius ratio, which results in high polarizing power and a high hydration enthalpy. Because of this high hydration enthalpy, water molecules are strongly attracted to the ion, leading to the formation of hydrated salts.
The high polarizing power (or high charge density) is the fundamental reason why it interacts so strongly with polar water molecules. Thus, (R) correctly explains (A).
Step 3: Final Answer:
Both statements are true, and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Lanthanoids generally show a stable oxidation state of . Some elements show or states if they result in empty ( ), half-filled ( ), or fully filled ( ) subshells.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Europium ( ) Atomic number = 63.
Ground state configuration: .
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
To form , the two electrons from the orbital are removed.
Configuration of .
Even though is a stable half-filled configuration, acts as a reducing agent. This is because it has a strong tendency to lose one more electron to reach the oxidation state ( ), which is the most stable and common oxidation state for all lanthanoids in aqueous solution.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The ground state electronic configuration of is .

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
To find the number of bonds, we must look at the chemical structures of the oxoacids of sulphur.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
1. **Sulphurous acid ( ):** The structure is . There is only **1** bond.
2. **Peroxodisulphuric acid ( ):** Also known as Marshall's acid. Its structure is . Each Sulphur atom has two bonds. Total bonds = **4**.
3. **Pyrosulphuric acid ( ):** Also known as Oleum. Its structure is . Like Marshall's acid, it has two bonds per Sulphur atom. Total bonds = **4**.
Therefore, the counts are 1, 4, and 4.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The number of S=O bonds is 1, 4 and 4 respectively.

The correct option is (D): Zn, Cd cannot show variable oxidation state but Hg can show variable oxidation state