Gas Laws

The Correct Answer is : 20

The Correct Answer is : 2.303

We are given the following data:
- Pressure
- Volume of evolved gas
- Temperature
- Mass of organic compound
- Aqueous tension at 300 K = 15 mm Hg We need to calculate the percentage of nitrogen in the organic compound. 1. First, we use the Ideal Gas Law to find the number of moles of N : Where: - (subtract aqueous tension), - ,
- ,
- .
Rearranging the Ideal Gas Law to solve for (moles of N ): Substituting the values: 2. Now, we calculate the mass of nitrogen in the sample: - The molar mass of N is . - The mass of nitrogen is: 3. Finally, we calculate the percentage of nitrogen in the organic compound: Thus, the percentage of nitrogen in the organic compound is .

The reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid is: From the reaction, we see that 1 mole of magnesium produces 1 mole of hydrogen gas. At STP, 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 L. Therefore, 224 mL (or 0.224 L) of gas corresponds to: Since the molar ratio of magnesium to hydrogen gas is 1:1, 0.01 mol of hydrogen requires 0.01 mol of magnesium. The molar mass of magnesium (Mg) is 24 g/mol. Thus, the mass of magnesium required is: Thus, the amount of magnesium required is 240 mg.

The balanced equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid is: From the equation, 1 mole of Mg produces 1 mole of H gas. We are given that the volume of hydrogen gas at STP is 220 mL, and we need to convert it to moles. 1. At STP, 1 mole of any ideal gas occupies 22.4 L (or 22400 mL). The number of moles of hydrogen gas is: 2. According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of Mg produces 1 mole of H . Therefore, the moles of Mg required will be the same as the moles of H , which is 0.00982 mol. 3. Now, we calculate the mass of magnesium required using the molar mass of Mg: Thus, the mass of magnesium required is 0.44 g.

Hyperconjugation refers to the delocalization of electrons in σ-bonds, usually from C-H or C-C bonds adjacent to a positively charged carbon atom (like in carbocations). - Statement 1: "Hyper conjugation is not a permanent effect." This statement is false because hyperconjugation is a stable, delocalized effect that persists as long as the molecule is in the form of the cation or free radical. It contributes to the stabilization of the cation, particularly in carbocations. - Statement 2: "In general, greater the number of Alkyl groups attached to a positively charged carbon atom, greater is the Hyper conjugation interaction and stabilization of the cation." This statement is true. The number of alkyl groups directly affects the stabilization of carbocations via hyperconjugation. More alkyl groups lead to more electron donation via hyperconjugation, enhancing the stability of the positively charged carbon atom (carbocation). Thus, Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true.

To solve this, we evaluate each technical statement based on industrial chemistry and coordination chemistry principles:

1. Statement A: In the Contact process for the manufacture of Sulfuric acid ( ), the catalyst used to oxidize to is Vanadium pentoxide ( ). In , Vanadium is in its maximum oxidation state of . High oxidation state oxides of transition metals are generally acidic or amphoteric, not basic. Specifically, is amphoteric but predominantly acidic in nature. Thus, statement A is incorrect.

2. Statement B: Ziegler-Natta polymerization uses a catalyst system typically consisting of (a transition metal halide) and . In , Titanium is in the oxidation state. Titanium ( ) has a ground state configuration of . has the configuration , meaning it has zero unpaired electrons. The spin-only magnetic moment formula is:

$ n n=0 \mu = 0\text{ BM} TiCl_3 Ti^{3+} 3d^1 \mu \sqrt{1(3)} = 1.73\text{ BM} 2.84\text{ BM} n=2 Al(C_2H_5)_3 Al(C_2H_5)_3 +3 PdCl_2 CuCl_2 PdCl_2 Z=46 [Kr] 4d^{10} 5s^0 PdCl_2 +2 Pd^{2+} [Kr] 4d^8$. Therefore, there are exactly 8 electrons in the outermost 'd' orbital. Thus, statement D is correct.

Comparing our findings with the options, only C and D are true. Hence, the correct answer is option 3.